Art in simple terms can be explained to as an electrical pump that pumps blood using electrical impulses. These electrical impulses are very necessary for contraction of heart and subsequent ejection of blood. This electrical impulse is generated by SA node and/or AV Node and is transmitted across the heart by various structures.
Sometimes these SA nodes gets damaged and so heart is unaware to pump blood. In such cases, pacemakers are used instead to produce the same electrical impulses.
We all have a natural pacemaker in our hearts the so called sinus node. In case this generator of our natural heat beat fails, the pacemaker takes over this function . A second function for the pacemaker might be to conduct the heart beat from the atrial chamber of the heart to the ventricle in case the AV node (sort of relay station) fails. A third application might be in patient with failed hearts, when due to enlagement of the heart movement of right and left ventricle become de-synchronized to streamline the pumping movements of the ventricles.
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